Tele-Icu Sebagai Strategi Penguatan Pelayanan Pasien Kritis di Rumah Sakit Daerah: Tinjauan Literatur

Abstract

Critical care in regional hospitals faces challenges such as the need for rapid clinical decision-making, limited intensive care unit capacity, and unequal access to intensivists. Tele-intensive care units (Tele-ICUs) were developed as a remote clinical support model through the use of communication technology, clinical data exchange, and collaboration between healthcare facilities. This study aims to examine scientific evidence regarding the benefits, limitations, variations in service models, and a relevant implementation framework for Tele-ICUs in regional hospitals in Indonesia. The methods used were a narrative review of scientific articles, systematic reviews, observational studies, randomized clinical trials, consensus statements, textbooks, and national regulations published through June 2026. The review results indicate that Tele-ICUs have the potential to increase adherence to evidence-based practices and improve certain outcomes, such as mortality or length of stay, although findings across studies are inconsistent. Variations in study designs and service models influence the certainty of the evidence. It is concluded that Tele-ICUs are more appropriately positioned as a clinical network enhancer, with phased implementation supported by referral protocols, data governance, training, and ongoing quality audits.