Literasi Digital dan Ketimpangan Sosial: Tinjauan Sistematis Terhadap Kesenjangan Akses dan Partisipasi Komunikasi di Masyarakat Berkembang

Abstract

The digital divide remains a major challenge in developing countries despite the increasing use of information technology. This study aims to analyze the relationship between digital literacy and social inequality and identify factors influencing digital inclusion in developing societies. The study used a qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on 34 scientific publications published between 2019 and 2025 that discussed digital literacy, the digital divide, and communication participation in developing countries. Data were analyzed through a process of identification, selection, extraction, and thematic synthesis. The results show that the digital divide is not only related to limited access to technology, but also low digital literacy, algorithmic exclusion, epistemic injustice, and weak digital sovereignty. The groups most vulnerable to digital exclusion are rural communities, indigenous communities, the elderly, and low-income groups. These findings indicate that efforts to reduce digital inequality require a holistic approach through strengthening digital literacy, equitable infrastructure, inclusive policies, and community empowerment based on local contexts to achieve equitable and sustainable digital inclusion.