Jenis-Jenis Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) I: Tunanetra, Tunarungu, Tunagrahita, Tunadaksa, Tunalaras dan Tunawicara

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Published: Jun 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54373/ijset.v5i1.2259
Keywords:
Children With Special Needs, Visual Impairment, Hearing Impairment, Intellectual Disability, Physical Disability, Behavioral Disorders, Speech Impairment, Inclusive Education

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Muhammad Zein Damanik
Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Panca Budi Perdagangan
Tama Irhamsyah
Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Panca Budi Perdagangan
Anjarwati
Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Panca Budi Perdagangan

Abstract

This article aims to describe various types of children with special needs (CwSN) along with their characteristics, needs, and appropriate educational approaches. Employing a library research method, this study analyzes scientific literature concerning six categories of CwSN: visual impairment, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, physical disability, emotional-behavioral disorders, and speech impairment. The findings reveal that each category possesses distinct challenges and potentials, requiring adaptive and comprehensive educational services. Children with visual impairment need alternative visual support, those with hearing impairment require communication aids such as sign language, children with intellectual disabilities need simplified and structured learning strategies, while those with physical disabilities require physical assistance and therapy. Meanwhile, children with emotional-behavioral disorders benefit from behavioral and emotional guidance, and children with speech impairment require speech therapy and communication aids. The study also emphasizes the importance of accurate assessment and the application of individualized, multisensory, therapeutic, and inclusive learning approaches to optimize students’ development. This article highlights that comprehensive understanding of CwSN diversity is essential for implementing effective and equitable inclusive education.

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How to Cite
Damanik, M. Z., Irhamsyah, T., & Anjarwati. (2025). Jenis-Jenis Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) I: Tunanetra, Tunarungu, Tunagrahita, Tunadaksa, Tunalaras dan Tunawicara. PEDAGOGIC: Indonesian Journal of Science Education and Technology, 5(1), 01–11. https://doi.org/10.54373/ijset.v5i1.2259
Issue
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): PEDAGOGIC: Indonesian Journal of Science Education and Technology
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Zein Damanik, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Panca Budi Perdagangan

Children with Special Needs (ABK) is a term that refers to children who have limitations or special needs in various aspects of development. Types of ABK include: Blind are children with visual impairment, either partial or total. They need tools such as Braille or other supporting technology to be able to learn and interact. Deaf are children with hearing impairment, from mild to severe. They often require hearing aids and visual communication methods such as sign language. Mentally retarded are children who have intellectual limitations that affect their ability to think, solve problems and adapt socially. They need special learning strategies that suit their cognitive abilities. Physical impairments are children with physical or motor limitations that affect mobility, coordination, or other movement abilities. They may need physical aids and rehabilitation programs to support daily activities. Disabled children are children with significant behavioral or emotional disorders, such as difficulty controlling emotions and interacting socially. Psychosocial approaches and mental support are very important to help them. Speech-impaired are children who experience speech or communication disorders, which affect their ability to interact verbally. Speech therapy and alternative communication methods become important in their education. Each type of crew member has special needs and approaches designed to support their optimal development according to their respective abilities and potential.

Anjarwati, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Panca Budi Perdagangan

Children with Special Needs (ABK) is a term that refers to children who have limitations or special needs in various aspects of development. Types of ABK include: Blind are children with visual impairment, either partial or total. They need tools such as Braille or other supporting technology to be able to learn and interact. Deaf are children with hearing impairment, from mild to severe. They often require hearing aids and visual communication methods such as sign language. Mentally retarded are children who have intellectual limitations that affect their ability to think, solve problems and adapt socially. They need special learning strategies that suit their cognitive abilities. Physical impairments are children with physical or motor limitations that affect mobility, coordination, or other movement abilities. They may need physical aids and rehabilitation programs to support daily activities. Disabled children are children with significant behavioral or emotional disorders, such as difficulty controlling emotions and interacting socially. Psychosocial approaches and mental support are very important to help them. Speech-impaired are children who experience speech or communication disorders, which affect their ability to interact verbally. Speech therapy and alternative communication methods become important in their education. Each type of crew member has special needs and approaches designed to support their optimal development according to their respective abilities and potential.